cohortpositivenicotinic-acidhuman
A large U.S. study found men with higher dietary niacin (vitamin B3) intake had a lower risk of erectile dysfunction (ED). Men in the highest third of niacin intake were 56% less likely to have ED compared to those in the lowest third. This link held true even after accounting for other factors like age, weight, and health conditions.
rctpositivenicotinic-acidhuman
Out of 26 patients with moderate ulcerative colitis (inflammation of the colon) who were unresponsive to conventional treatments, 92.3% responded positively and 88.5% went into remission after receiving a daily niacin enema treatment for 6 weeks. The had no serious side effects, showed notable improvements in intestinal healing, reduced symptoms like rectal bleeding and stool frequency. Niacin is a promising, well-tolerated alternative for inducing clinical remission of ulcerative colitis.
rctpositivenicotinic-acid1g HEDhuman
24 healthy men and women with a mean age of 35 years, where injected Intravenously w/ 1g of niacin or placebo for 2 weeks. The niacin group ended up with acutely lower levels of FFAs (free fatty acids, fats floating around in the bloodstream) and significantly higher levels of triglyceride stored in visceral adipose tissue. This may help to reduce the amount of fat that is stored in the liver and other organs, which can help to improve insulin sensitivity and reduce the risk of metabolic complications. IE niacin may help people with diabetes and obesity to lose weight and improve their health.
ecologicalpositivenicotinic-acidhuman
Study of 4,269 people that take niacin or have Seborrheic dermatitis finds no cases of Seborrheic dermatitis in people who take niacin.
reviewpositivenicotinic-acidn/a
Summary of GPR109A (niacin receptor) role in inflammation of the nervous system, especially the brain, and how activation of GPR109A plays a role in healing may conditions such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, stroke, and pathological pain.
animalpositivenicotinic-acid0.121g HEDrat
Niacin improves organ function and survival following hemorrhagic shock. Rats and mice where bled 60% of their blood volume, and replaced with Ringers lactate solution to induce hemorrhagic shock ( deprive tissue of oxygen and blood ). After 10 minutes of shock the animals where split into 3 groups and injected with nicotinic acid, NMN or DMSO, at 3 levels of dosing. Niacin at 10mg/kg, which was the highest dose given, had by far the best level of survivability. Rats, given NMN even at a 5x higher dose than niacin at 50mg/kg did not achieve a survival rate to the level observed in the 10mg/kg or the even 5mg/kg treated mice. Use of GPR109A knockout mice confirmed that the niacin GPR109A receptor plays a major role in the survivability enhancing effect of niacin.
case-reportpositivenicotinic-acid1.5g HEDhuman
25 individuals with CKD (chronic kidney disease) stages 2-4 treated with a combination of supplements, including 500mg niacin 3x/day for three months, improved the disease by at least one stage.
animalpositivenicotinic-acidmouse
Nicotinic acid mimics the effect of a ketogenic diet in activating HCA2, which induces a neuroprotective phenotype in bone marrow-derived macrophages that infiltrate the brain and that this results in an improved outcome in a mouse model of stroke.
cohortpositivenonehuman
This study showed depressed males have a narrower preference for female photographs (only preferring good looking ones) which is a marker for lower cognitive flexibility. The less nicotinic acid in their body, the narrower their preference. This indicates nicotinic acid may regulate human social decision-making (especially preference-related behaviors) by acting on the HCAR2 in microglia (the resident immune cells of the brain and spinal cord which constantly patrol the cerebral microenvironment to respond to pathogens and damage).
animalpositivenicotinic-acidn/a
Piglets separated from their mother in agriculture tend to struggle health wise. Supplementing their diet with niacin significantly improves their survivability via factors like improved colonic microbial diversity, intestinal health, reduced intestinal inflammation and improved overall immunity.
in-vitropositivenicotinic-acidcell-line
Niacin reduces inflammation caused by low levels of oxygen in tissue that is associated with obesity.
cohortpositivenicotinic-acid3g HEDhuman
Participants in an open label study at Kaiser Permanente in San Francisco supplemented ~3g niacin a day. After about 1 year, 81% of patients had an by an average reduction of 27% in intra-abdominal fat. The degree of fat loss was associated with the degree of increase in HDL cholesterol and a reduced Total Cholesterol/HDL cholesterol ratio.
animalpositivenicotinic-acidmouse
Niacin, a pharmacological Gpr109a agonist, suppressed colitis and colon cancer in a Gpr109a-dependent manner in mice. Thus, Gpr10a has an essential role in mediating the beneficial effects of gut microbiota and dietary fiber in colon.
mechanisticpositivenicotinic-acidmouse
Many of the beneficial and adverse effects of niacin are mediated via GPR109, which is highly expressed in adipose tissue and macrophages. Multiple infectious and inflammatory stimuli stimulate GPR109A expression in adipose tissue and in macrophages.
reviewpositivenicotinic-acidhuman
Niacin reduces blood viscosity through a variety of mechanisms, thus improving blood flow and perfusion through choke points of the vasculature. Finally, niacin has cardioprotective effects that may limit ischemia–reperfusion injury. By preserving glycolysis during periods of inadequate blood supply and improving blood flow to the heart after a stroke, niacin can improve the functional recovery of the muscular tissue of the heart.
rctmixedcombinationhuman
42 people drank a 10g mixture of glycine, glutamine and niacin daily for 3 weeks saw an increase in serum growth hormone (GH) levels by 70%, but this GH increase was not associated with improvement in mood or memory. Circulating Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-I) levels did not change.
animalpositivenicotinic-acidmouse
GPR109A expressed in immune cells as well as in colonic tissue is necessary for protection against colitis and colon carcinogenesis. Niacin suppresses colitis and colon cancer in a GPR109A-dependent manner. GPR109A is key in mediating the beneficial effects of gut microbiota and dietary fiber in colon. Niacin suppresses atherosclerosis by activating GPR109A in immune cells. GPR109A mediates butyrate effects in colon and is a critical molecular link between colonic bacteria and dietary fiber and the host.
in-vitropositivenicotinic-acidcell-line
Oxidized Low Density Cholesterol, oxLDL induced inhibition of macrophage migration may be reversed by Niacin, which explains part of Niacin's atheroprotective effects on cardiovascular disease independent of its effects on plasma lipids. Macrophage foam cells are a type of macrophage that localize to fatty deposits on blood vessel walls. Niacin also inhibited the formation of peroxynitrite (which is a powerful oxidant exhibiting a wide array of tissue damaging effects)
mechanisticneutralnicotinic-acidcell-line
NA activates the capsaicin receptor TRPV1 by lowering the activation threshold for heat, causing channel activation at physiological body temperature. Conversely it inhibits TRPV4 by raising activation temp to above body temp, ~41 celsius. Overall, the effects on TRPV1 and TRPV3 are potentiating while those on TRPV2 and TRPV4 are inhibitory. Little is known about the detailed structures of TRPV2-4. The TRPV receptors play a role in the flushing response.
in-vitropositivenicotinic-acidcell-line
Niacin has multi-faceted anti inflammatory properties that act in both localized and systemic ways. A major area of its activity is in tissue related to fat storage via the GPR109A receptor. Dosing cells with TNF-alpha ( an inflammatory substance ) showed that niacin treated cells increased the atheroprotective hormone adiponectin and reduced macrophage chemotaxis
in-vitropositivenicotinic-acidcell-line
Explores protective effect of niacin on lung tissue by dosing mouse lung white blood cells with niacin and exposing them to inflammatory toxins (Lipopolysaccharides). This demonstrated strong anti-inflammatory effects of niacin ( reduced levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β) and that the protective effect depends on expression of GPR109A.
animalpositivenicotinic-acidrat
Rats injected with e coli bacteria to induce lung inflammation survived better with high dose (~1% of diet) niacin supplementation. The reduced lung inflammation and damage was associated with downregulation of the NF-κB (Nuclear Factor Kappa B) pathway.
animalpositivecombinationrat
Rats where given unlimited access to food and a controlled amount of exercise. Those taking niacin + melatonin lost statistically significantly more weight, compared to control, niacin only and melatonin only groups. Suggests a synergy between niacin & melatonin supplementation for anti-obesity. It's noted that mice lacking the niacin receptor GPR109A had progressive weight gain and liver fat accumulation.
cohortpositivebutyratehuman
Psoriatic skin has reduced GPR109A expression, topical sodium butyrate increases GPR109A expression in skin and is potentially useful in psoriasis therapy.
in-vitropositivenicotinic-acidcell-line
The expression of niacin receptor GPR109A is decreased by over 70% in breast cancer samples. It's reduced in early stages, and almost undetectable in advanced stages. Increasing expression of GPR109A seems to act as a tumor suppressor in breast tissue, but interestingly can also acts as tumor protective in other tissues like skin, mechanism of differentiation unknown.
in-vitropositivenicotinic-acidcell-line
Ca2+ is one of the major ways that cells communicate and is involved in the regulation of many important cellular processes from proliferation to apoptosis. Ca2+ regulation is involved in many autoimmune conditions and nicotinic acid (niacin) and is key to this signaling.
mechanisticpositivenicotinic-acidn/a
Computer modeling shows niacin a key to therapy for covid via enhancing the immune system, inhibiting inflammation and regulating cellular microenvironment.
animalpositivenicotinic-acidmouse
Niacin treatment of mice bearing intracranial brain tumor initiative cells increased macrophage representation within the tumor, reduced tumor size, and prolonged survival.
animalpositivenicotinic-acidmouse
When mice are induced with pulmonary hypertension via drugs and low oxygen, those on niacin have less severe outcomes, due to enhanced macrophage activity and release of PGD2.
animalpositivenicotinic-acidmouse
Niacin via its ability to enhance macrophage and microglia is great for repairing (myelin) sheaths that protect nerve fibers, which deteriorate in diseases like multiple sclerosis.
in-vitropositivenicotinic-acidcell-line
Adipose tissue (body tissue used for the storage of fat) is major site of action for niacin. When adding a white blood cell attractant to adipose tissue, niacin suppresses the pro-atherogenic (plaque inducing) chemokines and upregulates the atheroprotective (protective against plaque and improves metabolism of sugar) adiponectin.
animalpositivenicotinic-acidn/a
Feeding rabbits Niacin up-regulated SIRT1 expression, which is involved with DNA repair. Rabbits where then subjected to stress via a collar on an artery in their neck and it was shown that niacin protects against blood vessel inflammation via the SIRT1/CD40-dependent signaling pathway.
reviewpositivenicotinic-acidhuman
In depth review of how niacin and its metabolites play a key role in brain and nerve health. Alzheimers and Niacin intake are inversely correlated. Niacin helps cells stay alive when blood supply is cutoff.
animalpositivemelatoninmouse
Supplementing mice with melatonin increases butyrate production in their gut via bacteria, conversely antibiotics severely impair this butyrate production. When mice are poisoned with titanium nanoparticles to induce bone deterioration, butyrate has a protective effect against bone loss. This protective effect is specifically dependent on the GPR109A receptor that seems to be activated by the butyrate enriched gut microbiota.
in-vitropositivenicotinic-acidcell-line
GPR109A (aka HCA2) is highly expressed in immune cells and together with niacin seems to inhibit proinflammatory aspects of immune cell activity.
reviewpositivenicotinic-acidhuman
The GPR109A receptor and its agonists (niacin and butyrate) have anti-inflammatory actions in the skin, gut and retina. For Parkinson's disease, niacin supplementation may have 3 benefits: lower inflammation via GPR109A-related mechanisms, increase dopamine production in brain by supplying NADPH and boosting mitochondrial functions by increasing the NAD/NADH ratio.
animalpositivenicotinic-acidmouse
GPR109A plays an essential role in gut health. GPR109A deficiency worsens colitis and colonic inflammation in mice. GPR109A expression is necessary for immune health. Antibiotics mess up butyrate producing gut bacteria, thus reducing GPR109A.
animalpositivenicotinic-acidmouse
When fed a high fat diet + niacin, mice deficient in niacin receptor GPR109A got fat and had fatty livers. While mice with normal GPR109A receptors didn't get fat and didn't end up with fatty livers.
rctpositivenicotinic-acid2g HEDhuman
39 patients taking 2g/day extended release niacin for ~6 months had a ~40% reduction in liver fat. Other markers of inflammation such as CRP (C-reactive protein) where also reduced.
reviewpositivenicotinic-acidhuman
The focus is on how niacin and its metabolites enable white blood cells to react to a changing microenvironment (macrophage plasticity). It also discusses the anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory aspects of niacin.